Karl Marx back from the grave to animate debate in China 

Called “The Leader”, the online cartoon series is designed to make Marx more palatable to China’s younger generation, which usually encounters the bearded German philosopher through thick textbooks and classes.
“There is a lot of literary work about Karl Marx, but not as much in a format that young people can accept,” explains Zhuo Sina, one of the scriptwriters behind the online series. 
“We wanted to fill this gap,” she adds. 
Created by animation studio Wawayu but backed by China’s central propaganda department, the release of “The Leader” comes as the Chinese Communist Party ramps up its push for ideological rigour – especially in classrooms and on university campuses.
With its Ferrari-driving elites cashing in on an economic boom that has revolutionised China since the economy was opened to market forces in 1978, Beijing’s allegiance to Marx may seem like an anomaly. 
But the Communist Party remains loyal to its ideological forefather, dismissing the jarring modern reality and framing its evolution through a prism of “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”.
Students start learning the theories of Marx and Lenin in middle school, and civil servants – even journalists – have to take mandatory courses in Marxist theory to secure promotions.
Last year, Chinese President Xi Jinping also urged party members to cultivate the habit of reading Marxist classics and regard it as a “way of life” and “spiritual pursuit”.
    Since debuting at the end of January, the online serial has been streamed more than five million times.
“The Leader” starts with Marx’s university years where shots of the young philosopher – dressed in a dapper beige blazer – feverishly studying the work of Hegel are spliced between tender moments with Jenny von Westphalen, his wife. 

‘Like eating s**t’
But the masses have been tough critics – on popular Chinese film and literature site Douban, users gave “The Leader” a two-star rating out of five.
Some criticised the storytelling as “awkward”, while others used more colourful language – one likened the experience of watching the series with “shoving” excrement in their mouth.
Jeroen de Kloet, a professor at the University of Amsterdam and expert in Chinese youth culture and media, said there was too much talking in the series and not enough scenes that “humanise” Marx.
“It’s the government lecturing young people on what Marxism is about”, he says. Still, despite its propaganda bent, the TV series has opened a surprising space for discussion on Marxism and even labour rights in China.
Among the many comments scrolling across the screen as each episode plays – a popular feature in China known as “bullet” comments – some users commented on religious freedom and labour rights.
In one comment, a user wrote about the forced shutdown of a social media account that follows labour activism.
Others mentioned the Marxist society at Peking University, which has seen several attempts by local police and school authorities to silence and suppress the student-run group’s activities.
Last year, Peking University graduates affiliated with the Jasic Solidarity Group, a labour rights movement in southern China, disappeared altogether.
“That’s why propaganda is interesting, because you can also read it against the grain,” de Kloet says.
With its wealthy businessmen and capitalist culture, modern day China is in stark contrast with the cartoon, which advocates for workers and the proletariat, he adds.
“You step out of your door in Beijing and you see a whole different reality... So there’s a tension there.”
While online ratings of “The Leader” are lacklustre, it’s a “first step on the way to the government figuring out messaging in a way that will actually appeal to young people,” says Christina Xu, who researches and writes about Chinese internet culture.
The Marx anime is also “part of the push for soft power”, she adds, noting the prominence of “guo chuang” or domestically produced animations on Bilibili, which also streams shows from state broadcaster CCTV.
The makers of “The Leader” aren’t planning to stop at cartoon series, either. Zhuo says the team is planning to create a standalone animated film on Marx, though the release date has not yet been decided.