Sunandalaya building: A monument of love and learning in Thailand

Built in 1880 by King Chulalongkorn (King Rama V) in memory of his beloved Queen Sunandha Kumariratana, the Sunandalaya building stands as a poignant memorial to love.
 
This historic structure, perched gracefully on a serene stretch of land along the River of Kings, has witnessed the passage of time, evolving from a royal tribute to a significant educational institution – the Rajini School.
 
Here’s a look at the structure’s history as the school marks its 120th anniversary this year.

A royal vision

King Chulalongkorn’s decision to establish a school in honour of his queen, who died in a boating accident, was a revolutionary step. It marked a departure from traditional memorials (usually temples), reflecting the king’s progressive outlook and his commitment to education, especially for women. Queen Sunandha, herself, had once expressed a desire to uplift women through education.

From royal school to renowned institution

Sunandalaya served as an all-girls school from 1892 to 1902, providing young women with opportunities for learning and growth. Over the years, it played several roles including the Education Ministry’s headquarters, a temporary dormitory for naval cadets and the English-language Suankularb School.

After Suankularb School was relocated in 1906, Queen Sri Bajarindra instructed that the site be used for the all-girls Rajini School, where it remains today.
 

A timeless legacy

The building designed by Austrian architect Joachim Grassi, was the first Western-style school building in Thailand. The gable of the building sports the inscription “Royal Seminary Sunandalaya on the River, built by His Majesty King Chulalongkorn in Year of the Dragon, 1242 Thai minor era (1880)”.

Designed in the neo-classical style, the original Sunandalaya building comprised two structures –North Sunandalaya and South Sunandalaya or the “clock tower”.

The clock tower was later demolished to make way for the Sawang Watthana building, which now houses an assembly hall and library. The North Sunandalaya building has been left untouched.

Rare and unique

Adorning the building’s arched doorways is exquisite stained glass imported from Europe, mirroring the artistry found in the Bang Pa-In railway station.

Adding to the Sunandalaya building’s charm is the affectionate nickname Rajini School students have given it. They call it “drama building” referring to its long-standing role as a venue for Thai classical music and dance classes. Part of the space also serves as a museum, showcasing the school’s history, ceremonial artefacts and relics uncovered during archaeological excavations on the school grounds.

A landmark in preservation

During the centennial restoration of Rajini School from 2004 to 2007, Sunandalaya was ingeniously elevated by 1.25 metres without sustaining any damage. This remarkable engineering feat has since inspired similar preservation efforts for other historical structures across Thailand.

In 1982, Sunandalaya was honoured with the Architectural Heritage Conservation Award from the Association of Siamese Architects, acknowledging its cultural and architectural significance.

As we reflect on its storied past, Sunandalaya continues to stand as a testament to love, learning and the enduring impact of Queen Sunandha’s vision for empowering women in Thailand.

Pinanong Panchuen
 
Image credits: Chapetch Chalanukroh