The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment will intensify measures to deal with polluters, Attapol Charoenchansa, the department's director-general said.
He said 17 units would be set up in Bangkok for more stringent inspection of vehicles to find those emitting black smoke.
Between October 2019 and September 2020, 7,010 out of 9,539 inspected vehicles emitted excess black smoke and 2,526 were fined.
The aim is to lessen the level of PM2.5 dust particles (particles less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter) in the big city as diesel engine combustion releases too much pollution, he said.
According to the Land Transport Act, owners of cars that emit smoke would be suspended from driving the vehicles until the cars were fixed, Attapol said.