The woman arrived by taxi ahead of the Cabinet’s weekly meeting.
She tried to gain entry to Government House but was halted by police officers guarding the facility.
The woman, named as Pawanrat Boonkij, remonstrated with officials, complaining that people were suffering because of the actions of PM Prayut Chan-o-cha. She said the prime minister had refused to listen to the public.
It took police around an hour to calm her down.
She was later taken to Dusit police station before being released.